This is a Malay name; the name "Ismail Al-Khalidi" is a patronymic, not a family name, and the person should be referred to by the given name, "Mahmud Iskandar Al-Haj".

Iskandar
Sultan of Johor
DYMM Sultan Iskandar Johor
Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia
Reign	26 April 1984 – 25 April 1989[1]
Predecessor	Ahmad of Pahang
Successor	Azlan of Perak
Regent	Tunku Ibrahim Ismail
Sultan of Johor
Reign	1981–2010
Predecessor	Ismail of Johor
Successor	Ibrahim Ismail of Johor
Spouse	Kalsom binti Abdullah[2] née Josephine Trevorrow (1956–62) Sultanah Zanariah (1961–2010)
Issue
10 children (2 sons and 8 daughters),[3] including: 1. Tunku Kamariah 2. Tunku Zabedah 3. Tunku Ibrahim Ismail 4. Tunku Azizah 5. Tunku Mariam 6. Tunku Noraini 7. Tunku Maimunah Ismailiah 8. Tunku Abdul Majid Idris 9. Tunku Muna Najiah 10. Tunku Masera
Full name
Mahmud Iskandar Al-Haj ibni Ismail Al-Khalidi[4]
House	House of Temenggong (Johor)[5]
Father	Sultan Ismail
Mother	Sultanah Ungku Tun Aminah
Born	8 April 1932(1932-04-08)[6] Johor Bahru, Johor British Malaya
Died	22 January 2010 (aged 77) [7] Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia [7]
Burial	23 January 2010 Mahmoodiah Royal Mausoleum, Johor Bahru, Johor
Religion	Sunni Islam[1]

Almarhum Sultan Mahmud Iskandar Al-Haj ibni Ismail Al-Khalidi^{[8][9][10][γ][δ]} (8 April 1932 – 22 January 2010) was the eighth Yang di-Pertuan Agong (roughly equivalent to King) of Malaysia, from 26 April 1984 to 25 April 1989. He succeeded his father, Sultan Ismail, to become the 24th Sultan of Johor^[ε] upon the former's death in 1981. Sultan Iskandar's reign lasted for almost 29 years until his death in January 2010, upon which he was succeeded by his oldest son, Tunku Ibrahim.

As was the case with his grandfather, Sultan Ibrahim,^[11] Sultan Iskandar's independent mindset resulted in strained relations with the Malaysian federal government on numerous occasions. This was more so during his days as the Yang di-Pertuan Agong,^[12] whereby a number of notable public incidents involved Sultan Iskandar.^[13] Nevertheless, Sultan Iskandar was reputed to show great concern to his subjects, and was held in high esteem by many of his subjects–particularly the Malays and Orang Aslis.^[14]

Sultan Iskandar is reputed to have been a staunch disciplinarian, with willingness to occasionally voice personal opinions on governmental issues. On the personal side, subjects who have personally approached the Sultan in his later years described him as a person with a warm^[15] and generous personality.^[16] However, past critics had also argued that Sultan Iskandar was a person with a turbulent temper.^[17][18] These claims were made by citing records of past notorious incidents,^[19] which include an experience of being disinherited from being the Tunku Mahkota (or Crown Prince in English) by his father, in 1961, as well as a series of alleged criminal acts occurring between the 1970s and the 1990s which were published in the press and provoked widespread moral outrage within the Malaysian public.^[20][21]

During his younger days as a prince, Tunku^[22] Iskandar was commonly known by his first name, "Mahmud"^[γ][23][24] or his full name "Mahmud Iskandar". He largely discontinued the use of his first name after he became Sultan in 1981,^[25][ζ] although some people still refer to him by his full name on an occasional basis.^[26][27]